Copying machine



Jan. 2, 1940. R.. w. PITTMAN 2,185,682

COPYNG MACHINE 'Filed-oct. 22, 1937 4 sheets-sheet 1 INVENTOR TH-- g sT( V.7A T

, Jn. 2, 1940. R. PITTMAN COPYING MACHINE Filedloct. 22, 1957 4sheets-sheet 2 166 v @fr 126 INVENTOR Jan. 2, 1940. R. w. PITTMANCOPYING MACHINE 4 sheets-sheet 3 Filed oct. 22, 1957 Jam 2, -194() v R.w. PrrTMAN 2,185,632

COPYING MACHINE Filed oct. 22, 1957 4 sheets-sheet 4 jfs 2i F 10 9- a?"ag 31.

INVENTQR Patented Jan. 2, 1940 signor to The Beck Duplicator Company, ay.

corporation of New York `I l Application October 22, 1937, Serial No.v170,363

ze om. loi. 10i-132.5)

This invention relates to copying machines, and more particularly tothat type of machines known in thetrade as spirit machines, wherein .amaster letter or' the like is printed or typed, or

5 otherwise prepared, with a suitable hectographic ink or carbon, on thereverse side of the master, which is in the negativeform, and with thisside turned outward of the drum to which it is attached, copies areproduced-that are given a l surface moistening on the side of the sheetwhich contacts with the master under a'suitable pressure roller to takeoi some ofthe ink from the master.

The primary object of the present invention, is

16 to provide a simple, reliable, and efficient working machine, easy tohandle and ,adjust to its best working conditions, operated either byhand 01' automatically, adapted with the present improvements forproducing a higher grade oi 20 work, and a greater number of copies fromone master, than is usually obtained on the present type of machines.

l Other objects herein obtained, are by the use of improved adjustingdevices jof the machine,

25 such as the impression roller co-acting with the drum, to make aquick adjustment from a great'- er or less contact between the mastersheet and the copy, providingby'this means a greater num- 4`ber ofcopies obtained from one master sheet, a0 and maintaining a uniformshade or color of v the imprint taken from the master. The amount ofmoisture delivered to the copy sheet to be copied, may likewise beinstantly changed from a heavy to a light coating, or reversely, that-is 35 delivered by a feed roller, the lower one of a pair. that feedsand applieslthe moisturetogthecopy sheet, and a contact rollerabovethenioistcning roller acting asa companion feed roller with'themoistening roller to propel Athe sheets to the drum,

is regulated to be quicxlylchanred murrine contact pressures.

obtain a perfect includes a master. clamping member, sollocated in acutout portion of the drum that one wallvtently, these being theaforesaid moistening roller,

and the contact feed roller co-operating therewith, for propellingthemoistened sheets to the register stop position of the drum. Whenfeedg 'the machine automatically, thev rollers may be continuouslydriven, or intermittently if desired, since an automatic feed member atthe proper time, and adjustable for the purpose,

forces the sheets to be copied between the revolving or stopped feedrollers, to reach the 6 stop of the drum, while the drum is at rest andabout to revolve again, or during the continuous rotation thereof. Whenfeeding by hand, the feed rollers are intermittently stopped, to providetime to insert the sheet into the bite of the lrollers, which start torotate again at the proper time of rotation to propel the sheet to reachthe stop of the drum, in the same manner as does the continuous feedingaction of these feed rollers.

l A still further object is to provide a container to hold a suitablesupply of the moistening fluid, which container is so constructed to bea removable unit, carrying the aforesaid moistening roller, and itscompanion feed roller, together with other mechanism, to deliver/andregulate the moisture applied to the copies. One form of this mechanismfor applying the moisture to the feed roller, provides a shallow basin,in the top of the container, conforming to the lower portion of themoistening roller in which the same revolves, to` be constantly suppliedwith the moisture, by a pumping system in the container to supply thebasin from the main supply of the container, and maintain a uniformlevel thereof in the basin by an overowfrom the'basin to the main supplyof the container, andv a regulating roller, to regulate the amount ofmoisture takenY from the basin, and delivered at the top of the exposedlportion of the moistening roller to transfer the same-to the sheets tobe copied, 35 and in another form thereof, the basin and the pumpareomitted, and instead, an endless belt is suspended. in the liquid, tothe bottom of the containen'and driven by a roller over which itissupported and held against the moistening A5 still lfurther object isto provide a universal sheetsl therefrom automatically, Ior A by hand.-

' When feeding automatically, the top sheet of^ thejpile of' blanks ismaintained at a uniform top position, to be engaged by a' feed member,to move the sheets into the feed rollers, while these roll.- 50

ers are constantly or intermittently driven, as. may be desired, andwhen vfeeding the blanks by hand, the rollers are preferably`intermittently driven, and this top position ofthe blanksv is notrequired, and the means for so supporting the 55 blanks, as well as thefeed member, may be moved to an inactive position.

Other objects of my invention will be set forth in the followingdescription and drawings, which villustrate certain preferredembodiments thereof, or will be obvious therefrom without beingspecifically pointed out. It will be understood that the foregoinggeneral statement of the objects is intended merely to generally explainthe same, and not to limit it in any manner.

With the above and other objects of the invention in view, theinventionconsists in 'the novel construction, arrangement andcombination of various devices, elements and parts, as set forth in theclaims hereof, certain embodiments of the same being illustrated in the.said Vdrawings and described in this specification.

In the accompanying drawings,

Fig. 1 is a plan view of my improved copying machine, certain partsthereof being broken away to more clearly show the working parts.

Fig. 2 is a portion of the machine, in plan, parts in section, to showhowthe gearing is arranged.

vFig. 3 is a. side elevation of the machine, as seen from the left inFig. 1, showing the feed table, and the automatic feed member in itsoperative position.

Fig. 4 is a sectional view of the machine, taken on line 6 4 of Fig. 1,as seen from the left, indicated by arrows.

' Fig. 5 is a perspective view of the lliquid container, shown as aremovable unit, embodying the feed rollers, the regulating roller, thebasin in which themoisteningroller revolves,and the pump to supply thebasin, from the main supply of the container. Vi d'.

Fig. 6 is an end elevation of the container unit,

`as seen from the right of Fig. 5.

Fig. 'l is a plan view of one end of the container, partly in section.to show the construction.

Fig. 8 is a perspective view of the work holding table, showing themeans for elevating the blanks "f to maintain a uniform level oftheuppermost sheet of the pue of blanks.

Flg. 9 is a side elevation of a portion of the machine, showing themeans for quickly changing the feedrollers from constant to intermittentrotation. f I v Fig. 10 is a longitudinal section of the drum, to showhow the same is constructed and mounted.

Fig. 11 is a longitudinal section of the moistening and feed roller.

Fig. l2 is a modification of the means for supplying the liquid to themoistening roller,from the mainsupply carried in the container.

F18. 13 is a modication showing in a diagrammatical manner, myimprovements as applied to Va machine in which the drum is continuouslydriven, together with continuous rotation of the feed a-nd moisteningroller, and automatic feeding of the blanks. v.

Fig. 14 is a modification, similar to Fig. 13, and shows the feed andmoistening roller intermittently driven. f

Figs. 15 and 16 are modified forms of th means for regulating themoisture.

As shown in the drawings, I provide, as is the general practice in thistype of machines, a pair of side frames, 2 and 3, held in spacedrelation by tie-bars, 4 and 5, with one side frame on the -inner sidethereof, provided with a train of gears,

including va. pinion 6 driven by a crank 'I from the outside oftheframe, for hand operation. of the machine, the pinion meshing with agear 8, loosely mounted on a studfto which gear, a gear 9, is attachedhaving an interrupted part of itsA teeth arranged to engage a gear I0,having an interrupted portion, which gear is ixed to the drum o f themachine, to provide intermittent rotation of the drum. The ratio ofthegears as here shown, provides for four turns of the crank 1, torotate the drum one completerotation, and during one rotation of thecrank the drum is at rest, due to the interrupted portion of the gears.With my improvements the drum-could be. continuously operated, I willrst describe my invention, however, in .connection with the interruptedaction of the drum. The drum indicated at D, is loosely mounted torotate on a shaft I2, iixed against rotation to the side frame 2, by a.nut and washer, as at I3, the gear I0 being adjustably fixed to thedrum.

The drum D, a cylindrical structure, has end walls Il and I5, withcentral openings for the reception therein of hubs, I8v and I'I, fixedto the walls by screws, at the end Il, the hub I 6, has the gear I0,with a sleeve-like hub Ill mounted on the hub I8, at one end of thesleeve an arm Illf keyed to the sleeve of the gear, which arm has anarcuate slot I4 through which a binding I screw I4", threaded into theside wall I4, holds the gear in any desired adjusted position, toenable, the adjustment of the drum vwith respect to a. master clampingbar I8 carried by the drum, with relation to the location of animpression roller I9 for co-acting with the drum, which roller serves animportant function, when the drum is brought to rest, at which time theclamping bar I8 is directly under' the roller I9 (see Fig. 4).

Ihe clamping bar I8 is located` in a bore ill),-v

in a reinforced rib portion 2| of the drum, exf l tending from endtoend, on the inner side thereof, the bore opened -outward to theperiphery by a-cutl 22 madetherein, the full length of the bore, for ablade I8 fixed tothe barvl, to swing between side walls 22 and 22" ofthel cut, one

of which as 22' is used to clamp the end of the master sheet to thedrumfindicated at 4M by broken lines, this clamping wall 22' being inthe rear of the wall 22, in the direction of motion of the drum (seearrow) The wall 22" when the drum is at rest, as shown in Fig. 4, isused as a stop face, against which the sheets to be copied areregistered. The location of the impression roller I9 is not directlyover the center of the drum, but somewhat at one side, as shown seelparticularlyFig. 4). This enables the entrance of the sheets to becopied under the roller I9, which provides, due to this oifset position,a clear path for the sheets to enter under the roller and guided therebyto properly register against the stop wall 22". It is further adesirable feature to thus locate the roller I9, to be closer to the copysheet feeding rollers, one of which applies the moisture to the underside of the sheets, since a very light application of the fluid used isquickly evaporated, and loses its eflect for taking off -the ink fromthe master sheet, before the copy sheets reach the stop face of the drumand during the time the impression is beingmade. The bar I8, with itsblade I8', is urged against the wall 22' by a spring I8a fixed to thedrum, and to one end of an arm I8b by which the bar is rocked to movethe blade for entrance of the master sheet (see Figs. 1 and 3). The barI8,y

or shaft, as it may be termed, is of a diameter greater than the widthof the cut, and provides, when the shaft is in the bore, a stop for theend 85.089 -of the master to limit the movement thereof into the cut,and assures alignment of the master with the drum, and it will befurther noted that the clamp bar and shaft are readily removed from theside of the drum.

The feed rollers aresupported at -the front upper portion of a liquidcontainer,` to be as close as possible to the roller I8, the containerso arranged to be a complete removable unit see Fig. including in itsentire make-up, a tank-like structure 25, of suitable proportions, tohold a fairly large quantity of liquid, from which todraw by a pumpingaction to maintain at a constant level a small quantity of the liquid ina shallow c basin 26, located closely and somewhat conforming ltothevcurvature of the lower feed roller, indicated at 21, whereby thelower part thereof engages in the liquid to be constantly' picking upthe liquid as the roller is rotated, and the amount brought to the topof the roller is regulated by a contact roller 28, mounted at the frontthereof. The basin has a forward extension 28' to catchy the drip fromthe contact roller, that is squeezed away as a surplus, the basindischarging its overflow over the edges of the shallow basin: The roller21 is rotatably mounted in bearings in the end Walls of the container,one of which, indicated at 29, at one end, as in Fig. -7, and the other,carried by a plate 3|),A both bearings being fixed by screws to the endwalls of the container. The roller 21 is supported on a shaft 3|, whichextends outside the container at each end, and is here shown driven by afriction drive, indicated atv F, including a pinion 32, fixed to asleeve 33 of a disc 34 loosely mounted on the shaft, a friction washer35, of suitable material, interposed between the disc 34 and a disc 36,slidably mounted on the shaft, and fixed against rotation, by a pin 31,in the shaft, which engages in a slotted part 38 in the hub of the disc36, and is adapted to rotate the shaft 3| by a regulated pressureapplied to the disc 36 against the friction washer and the disc 34, by aspring 36" regulated by a threaded clamp collar 31". Anintermediate gear38 carried by the plate 30, meshes with the pinion 32, which drives thefeed roller 21, and thereby a- -companion feed roller 21', being ltheone directly above the moistening feed roller 21, and the regul latingroller 28, when the unit is in position on the machine, at which timethe gear 38 will engage and mesh with the pinion 6 of the operatinghandle. 'Il'he unit is held in place on the machine by screws enteringperforated lugs 40, resting on supports 4|, extending from the sideframes, having threaded bores to receive the screws.

- The companion feed roller 21' is supported in suitable bearings 42,that enter slotted upstanding extensions 43 of the container. Thesebearings ride freely in the slots, to allow the roller to contact withthe roller 21, below, to regulate itself to any uneven conditions ofthis roller, and may be brought to bear with different degrees ofpreslsure on the lower roller` -by spring controlled arms pivoted at 46,at one end, and the free end, with l be quickly removed, when desired.

a hook connection adapted to engage any one of a series of notchesin theoverhanging portions of the arms, by this construction the roller may Topump the liquid from the supply, to maintainy the level in the basin, apump 41, is attached to the bottom of the'container, and close to oneside, to make ready connection for operation with a cam 48, carried bythe shaft 3|, of the roller 21, which engages a rock arm 48, xed to ashort shaft 50, passing through a bearing 5| in the side of thecontainer, and the shaft has an arm 52 inside the container that engagesa piston rod 53, slidable in the casing 54` of the pump in a bore 55.The lower end of the bore has an inlet 56, 'open to the supply of liquidin the con, tainer, when the piston rod is elevated, to allow `liquid tofreely enter under the piston, which opening is closed on the downstroke of the piston, and enters an outlet port 51, communicating with-adischarge pipe 58, which feeds the basin, in a manner readilyunderstood.

.The rock arm 49 is held in engagement with the cam 48, by -a,spring,58. The regulating roller 28, is mounted in bearing members 68, slidableat one end on a pin 8|, in a bifurcated slot 8,2, at the rear end of thebearing members, an angular vportion 63 at the forward ends is bored.and threaded to receive threaded thumb screws ter of the container. Thestud68 is reduced to re- I ceive the bar, which has a. bore 1|,"to fitloosely on the reduced end'of the stud, to rest against a shoulder atthe inner side of the bar, and held in position on the stud by anindicator arm 12, the hub of which fits the stud, and between whichthebar 61 is freely supported. The end of the stud has a slot for ascrew driver, by which the stud may be set to the proper position, withrespect to the indicator arm 12, and the hub, on

which the arm is supported, is split and is secured by a bindingscrew13. The arm is of spring material, and has at its free end a fingerpiece 14, the inner part thereof pointed to engage in perforations 15,located and suitably spaced in the arc of motion of the arm, provided inthe front wall of the container.

Before this construction, the equalizer bar 61, is first positionedbetween the shoulder of the stud, and the split hub of the arm 12, whenthis arm is in the first position or perforation, as at 15'. The splithub is then clamped by the binding screw 13, the thumb screws arethen-rotated,

t which move the bearing members '68,' and thereby the roller 2,8 toengage'with the* moistening roller 21, to" its greatest lcontactposition, uniformly at each end thereof, thereafter upon the shifting ofthe spring arm 12, along the perforations, the stud. by its threaded endmoves the equalizerv bar outward, and the bearing members follow,thereby releasing the contact between the rollers to any desired amount.The bar Vis action, to maintain a rigid action of the connectingmembers. e Y

The container is also provided withcover plates, one in the rear,indicated at 16, which fits quite close to the roller 21, at 4one sidethereof, so the top of the roller is exposed, and the other side of theplate extends outside the container, and serves to guide the copy sheetsunder the roller I3, and against'the s top wall 22'.' of the drum.

' slightly bowed inward to provide a light spring Ai the front oi thecontainer, a similar guide and cover plate 11 is shown, on which thecopies are fed to the rollers 21 and 21', which are the feed rollers.v

At the side of the container a. filling spout 18 is fitted with a screwcap 19, through which the container may -be filled, and an indicator arm80 is connected to a short shaft 9|, passing through a bearing 82, andan arm connected on the inner side with the shaft carrying a oat 83, theindicator vwill show on the outside of the container, when thedesiredamount of liquid has been received therein, and when the same is empty.

By this construction of the copy moistening and feeding means, arrangedas a complete unit, I am able to quickly remove the entire u t from themachine, in its fully adjusted operatin condition, or replace the same,for any desired reason, together with its complete co-operativemechanism', including the means for instant regulation of the roller 28by merely shifting thev spring arm 12 to increase the film of moistureor. .decrease the same, 'carried to the top of the roller 21, to therebyobtain a heavy or light copy,

and for the regulation of the companion roller 21 to varying pressuresof this roller with the roller 21, by the spring controlled means, andthis construction also enables the ready and quick removal of thisroller from its mounting.

The impression roller I9, having, as heretofore described, the preferredlocation thereof, to one side of the drum, to enable the blank sheets tobe guided under the ro1lerto engage the stop face- 22", is furtherprovided withmeans for rapid adjustment to varying pressures, afterfirst regulation thereof, for uniform contact at each end, and along thelength of the drum. Thereafter, as' the work continues in makingnthecopies, it will only be necessary to shift a lever, to obtain a changeof pressure, between the high and low pressure required. When the masteris first applied to the drum, and before imprints have been madetherefrom, the carbon or ink, from which the copies are produced, will.deliver a heavy imprint to the copy, and at this time a light pressureof the roller I9 will not take so much ofthe ink from the master, aswould be the case under a uniform pressure, as is usually ldone,throughout the run, for a given numberof the copies generally made fromone master. vI

am able to materially increase the number of copies obtained from onemaster, as stated, by first adjusting the roller I9 to make a `uniformcontact, as stated, by regulating screws, 84,10- cated in arms 85, fixedto a rock shaft 8B, mounted in bearings of the frame, the armsoverhanging the bearing members 81, in which the roller I9 revolves, andthe bearings are movably carried, in runways of the frame, to enable theroller to make close contact with the drum, in all positions thereof,thebearings being held in position against lateral outward movement bythe regulating screws engaging in slightly recessed -pockets at the topof the bearings in which the By lifting the arms,

ends of the screws enter. the bearings are readily removed from the endsof the roller and withdrawn outwa-rd of the frames, and thereby theroller removed from the machine. Under each bearing 81, a spring 88supports the bearings against the screws 84 (see Figs. 1 and 3). Thisshaft 86 is rocked by a spring arm 89, controlled by a cam 90, of aregu- -lating arm 8|, pivoted at I92 to vthe side frame 2.

The arm has a spring detent pin 98, with a finger piece for withdrawalvof the pin from perforations 94 in a sector of the side frame forpositioning the arm and cam, to exert more or less pressure, to thespring arm 89 and thereby the roller-I9. By this arrangement, when theparts have been 5 carefully regulated, as stated (which only needs to bedone once, for a permanent adjustment thereof until some change in typeof work or` condition of the machine occurs), it will only benecessarythereafter to move the arm 9| along 10 the perforations ofthesector. Whenthe master is first applied, the pressure is at its lowestpredetermined position, and the arm ,9| is set, in the lowest pressureperforation 'of the sector, and? as the work progresses in producing thecopies, 15'

the arm is-changed to increase the pressure as required. By this means agreater number of copies mayv be produced from one master, since themaster is not forced to give a greater amount lof inkthan is required tomaintaina uniform 20 shade and' color of the imprint taken by thecopies. The arm 9| also may be shifted to a position along the sector tofree the screw ends of the arms from the bearings, so the bearings maybe removed from the'ends .of the roller, as before stated.

To feed the copies to the feed rollers 21 and 21', by hand, orautomaticallmas may be desired, a feed table 95 is mounted on forwardextensions 88 of the side frames 2 and 3, thefeed table pref- 3.0

erably being carried by a bar 91, attachable to the extensions, on whichthe table is movable -for adjustment from -side to sideJand'arrangedto.be readily applied, and removed from the machine.

-As here shown, the bar is held at each endA by a 35 thumb screw'90,tapped into the extensions. The table, see Fig. 8, in its preferredform, is madeup, by a plate 99, forming the bottom, 'of suitable width,bent up at the delivery end, by a right angle bend upward, as at |00,and again bent forl0` engaging the wall 00. The plates |03 haveprojecting studs |04, that engage in bearing hubs 05, ,Y for adjustmentof the plates to varying widths of copy paper, and for true alignmentwith the f. front end s of the sheets with the feed rollers, and 55 thehubs have set screws tobind .the studs in their final adjusted position.A complement of spring members |06, fixed to -,the extreme front end, onthe inner top side of the table, the' free ends thereof extending upwardand joined by a '80 cross bar |01.- The springs are so arranged as tosupport a pile of sheets and to yield under, the weight of the full pileto assume a flat position on the plate. 99, but when the sheets areremoved,

one by one, will gradually raise the pile, till the 65 l' lowermostsheet is elevated toV make slight contact' with' the under side of acrossbar |08, best seen in Fig. 4, this bar being fixed to the4 top ofthe angle members |02. The spring members |08 are active only when themachine is set for 70 automatic feeding, and when feeding by hand thesesprings are pressed downward, to any degree desired. and locked, so thetable will be free for handling the blanks lto move them frward underthe cross bar |08'. into the bite of the roll- 75 The spring members areheld in the locked position by a threaded rod extending downward fromthe ,center of the cross bar |01, passing through an opening in thetable, and a` thumb nut turned up on the4 rod, to hold the springs down.The thumb nut may be turned back, to the end of the rod,.which isl upsetto prevent the nut from leaving the rod, when the springs are used forautomatic feeding.

The power of the spring members |06 may be regulatedto increase ordecrease the lifting. action, by a bar' |00', positioned under thesprings and adjustable in slots. |06" in the table, in whichy the bar-is moved forward and locked under the table by nuts on the cla screws|06a, or in any desired manner.

'The table may be shifted. for side adjus ment thereof, along the barV01, slidable on thebar in bearings 01' fixed to the table and clampedby a clamp screw 91". The front wall |00 of the table is provided with athin'flexible rubber |0|', the

top of which extends to and lies over the rounded corner of the apron|0| and held by a plate ||0, to the wall |00, as by screws, the rubberacting as a separator, to prevent feeding of more than yone sheet. Thefriction drive F, for rotating the feed roll 21, and thereby the roll 21by contact therewith, is so regulated to drive these rollers forcontinuous rotation, as beforestated, for automatic feeding of the copysheets, or the rollers may be intermittently driven for hand feeding,the latter being done by providing the disc 36 of the frictionmemberwith teeth on its periphery, to be engaged by a toothv ||2, on an arm||3, of a rock lever .I I4, pivoted at |5, on the outer side of theframe 8 (see Fig. 9), the lever operated by a cam ||6, on a cam shaft |1which shaft is driven by a gear ||0,. fixed on the shaft and meshingwith the`gear 8, of the train. This'lever ||4 is arranged so it may beheld away from the cam,

by a lock arm ||0, and is also pivoted on the 1 frame at |20." One `partof the arm, as l2 I, when the arm is in one position thereof, willengage thev arm H3, and hold the tooth ||2 out of en-A gagement with theteeth of the disc 36, and the lever "4free of the cam, and thereby thefriction drives the roller 21 continuously, and when the lock arm I0 isshifted, to the dotted position, the cam is engaged by the lever ||4,the cam of suitable shape, at the proper time, will bring the rollers ata predetermined time.

drum is being operated intermittentlmthis should tooth ||2 to engage theteeth ofthe disc36, and hold the roller 21 from further rotation, tillthe copy Sheet has been inserted into the bite of the feed rollers, whenthev cam will 'release the engaging teeth and feed the Ycopy to thedrurn stop 22". `An automatic copy-sheet feeding means is provided, tofeed andv separate the ,copies for single sheets, from the top of a pileof blanks to the feedrollers in al manner to reach the feed In case the-be as soon, or about the time lthe drum comes to rest, during whichtime the feed rollers will' propel the sheets to the stop 22" of thedrum, preferably just a fraction of time before the drum again starts torotate, to be sure that the front k and' ing somewhat sooner. The feedwheel, indicated at |25, is mounted on a stud |26, Acarried by one arm,

as |21, of a rocking frame |28,Apreferably formed of material bent toprovide a- U-shaped portion ,an upright bar |34, the top of whichengages aV pin |35 at the end of the "arm |33, to rock the frame to liftand lower the feed wheel, the bar |34 being actuated by acaml lever |36,connected by a. pivot |31, to the lower end of the bar (see Fig."3) theupper end being guided to slide in a capped bearing |34 and controlledin its movements by acam |38, fixed on the shaft ||1. The cam, ofsuitable shape, may be adjusted tolift and lower the feed wheel inproper timing to engage the uppermost sheet of the pile of blanks, andpropel the same to the feed rollers. The feed wheel |25 is continuouslydriven, as here shown, by a chain drive (best seen in Figs. 1 and 3),the chain |40, driven by a sprocket wheel |4| rotatably mounted on astud |42, on the inner side of the frame 2, which sprocket has .attachedthere--I to a gear |43 and driven by a gear |44 fixed to the shaft ||1,to drive the chain in the direction indicated by the arrow. The chaindrivesa small sprocket |'45xed' to a sleeve t 46, that' revolves on a'stud |41, secured to the side frame v2. The 4sleeve is slotted at thefront end, as at |48, to

vmake a coupling connection with a shaft |49, that upward to an uprightposition to be out of the feeding position and clear of the entrance ofthe sheets, over the apron I0 and under guide members |0|', when feedingthe sheets by hand.

From the foregoing it will be understood, that when the machine is fedautomatically, the sheets are fed to the feed rollers from the topof thepile of blanks, that are elevated by the springs |06 to have theuppermost sheet of the pile in position to ride over the rounded edge oftheapron |0| of the table 95, and here separated, preventing the sheetsunder the top sheet, by contacting with the rubber facing |00', frommoving forward with the'uppermost sheet. The machine by this arrangementis quickly set to feed by hand, by simply lifting the feed wheel to anupright position, as stated, shifting the arm H9, to the dotted lineposition, so the cam lever ||4 will engage the cam ||6, and thereby thetooth ||2 of the lever will engage the teeth of the disc 36, to stop thefeed rollers for the interval of time required to` insert a sheet intothe bite of :the rollers, which will then rotate again, in proper timedrelation to feed the sheets tothe drum stop.

It is found in practice particularly important in the making 'of highgrade copies, that therollers used for -proper and uniform impressionswith porcelain is expensive. since it must be carefully mounted on ashaft, the porcelain of tube forma- 'tion is generally carried on ashaft. surrounded by a cement filling to prevent breakage of the' tube,also requiring 'careful grinding and polish- `ing, making'an expensiveroller to produce. As-

here shown, the roller 21 is preferably constructed by mounting a tubeof suitable material adapted to withstand the moistening material usedin this type vof machine, with which this roller is constantlysaturated; one form thereof I have successfully employed, asshown inFig. il, consists of a steel tube, having hubs 21a, forced in the endsthereof, bored to receive the shaft- 3|, which is held by a bindingscrew 21o, for quick removal, when desired, from the container, when thecontainer is'in the machine, from the side thereof. The tube 21 ishighly polished and plated, which prevents corrosion, and provides forfree spreading of the moistening iluid thereon. Another form of tubesuccessfully used and mounted in the same manner just stated, consistsof a molded product known as Micarta, in the electric trade, having allthe qualities required for proper distribution of this moistening liquidherein employed. The roller 21that contacts with thev roller 21, isusually made of felt, indicated by stippling, as best seen in Figs. 3and 4, and may be made of sponge rubber. In either form, the material isformed into washers and applied on the shaft to support the same, packedon the shaft to provide firmness and proper resilience, and held in suchposition by a nut and washer at each end of the shaft, the surface isground to be true, to co-act with the roller 21, to'yield and ridethereon, to conform to any slight variations between the two rollers,and press the copy sheets under regulated pressure thereto for, evendistribution of the moisture to the underside of thev copies, whichresults in perfect copies taken from the master. The roller 28, forregulating the moisture, may also be of felt, or rubber similar to theroller 21', but preferably of a more resilient quality, for closeregulation thereof with the roller 21, and somewhat more absorbing thanthe roller 21', since as stated when the roller 21 comes to rest, aswhich time the roller 21 is in position roller.

In Fig. 12, a modincation'is shown of the means for supplying the liquidfrom the supply inthe container to the underside of the roller 21, andmay be regarded as vthe preferred form of this means, over that of thepumping action into the basin in which the roher 21 revolves, asheretofore described. Here, instead of the pump, 'amifr by omitting thebasin, the mechanism is much simplified. An endless belt |88.'preferably of rubber, is suspended to the bottom of the container, anddriven by the roller 21, by a contact roller I, over which lthe belttravels and held -in close engagement with the roller 21,'the roller |54is supported on journal ends in bearing lpackets of spring hangers |58,located at each end ofthe roller, the hangers fixed to the rear aisaosawall of the container,- and are of proper tension to hold the roller andthe belt to engage the roller 21, to be frictionally driven thereby.'Ihe roller I 54 is not directly under theroller 21, but

preferably as shown somewhat forward thereof,

andas close to the regulating roller 28, without touching the same, thisposition thereof permits of rotating the roller 21 in the reversedirection, which is often done by turning the crank handle in the wrongdirection. When this is done, it is found that the roller and belt donot revolve and no liquid is carried up from the supply. When the beltis driven in the proper direction, as shown by arrows, a heavy film ofliquid is con- Istantly applied, to the bottom of the roller 21,

in excess of the amount required, but I provide for regulation thereofby the roller 28, between the predetermined limit points, ashereinbefore stated.'

In Fig. 13, I show a modification in the gear train, to provide forcontinuous rotation of the drum, and the feed and moistening rollers 21and 21. While it is the usualpractice in copying machines to drive thedrum intermittently, with Y l my improved stop face 22' of the drum,-formed 'by the cutout 22, for the master clamping bar to swing in, I amable to provide for proper register of the copy sheets with the masterwhile the drum is in rotation, by so timing the lowering movement of thefeed wheel |25, to move and feed the sheets forward to the moisteningandfeed rollers, which rollers continue the feeding of the sheets to thedrur'n,v while the feed wheel |25 at at this time is elevated and readyto repeat the next feed operation, during which time the forward end ofthe sheety being fedis moved against the stop. A slight variation in thefeeding of sheets is likely to occur, this, however, is taken care ofhere, by the cutout portion 22 of the drum, being quite wide, the sheetis so timed to enter the cut, as the same revolves tothe position, ashere shown, to open a passage under the roller I9 to guide the end ofthe sheet therein, and this may take place any time during the time theopening is thus passing under the roller vI9, allowing of a difference,of about three sixteenths of an inch, variation of the front ends of thesheets to engage the stop, this difference is taken up as the drumadvances, otherwise in some cases that portion of the sheet would bedrawn tight between the feed rolls andthe drum,

v and in other cases the sheet would be lloose and a loop would form,`asindicated at L. 'I'he gear 8 of the train, driven by the hand crankhandle,

meshes with the gear 8, as an intermediate gear to drivethe gear |0a torotate the drum, for continuous movement, by thus arranging the geartrain, the cam shaft I8, as shown in Fig. 4,

is placed between the drum and the container 2B,\A

indicated at ||8' to be clear of the drum, and on this shaft the gear 8is mounted, instead ofthe stud, as heretoforefto provide this positionof the shaft, and is driven by the gear 8, on which the cam |88 to liftand'lower the feed wheel is. mountedkand-brslightl'y rearrangedlposition of the connections, andI the chain |40 to drive the feedwheel. i

Fig. 14:, also a modification, shows the same general arrangement of thegear train, as juste' described with respect to Fig. 13,l to rotate thedrum continuously. Here, however, the machine is especially adaptedforhand feedingand the friction drive F, of the feedrollersland 2,1 is

employed to momentarily stop the feed rollers, to

provide time to insert the copy sheet to be fed .moment will againrotate and feed the sheet to the drum stop,.the distance from therollers to the drum, is quite close, and a slight advance movement ofthe feed rollers. is obtainedv by the proper timing of the cam on shaftIIB', to

operate the connectionaas here arranged, .to suit D copy sheets toengage during fthe :restperiod or'continuedrotation of the position ofthe shaft, the operation otherwise being as hereinbefore described.v

In Figs.i15 and 16,.,certainmodiilcations of the moistureregulatingmeans: are shown.l Insteadl of the. roller 28, .asheretoforedescribed, I may employ a non-revolving contact member |80 -ofany suitablematerial, suchas felt (see Fig. 15) in the form of a pad toengagethe roller 27, with vthe same adjusting means to vary the tensionagainst in a manner light the roller 2 1, and wipey the roller, readilyunderstood, to "carry yaI heavy or coating of the moisture tothe topvofthe roller 21, to be applied to the copies. The felt pad may be soshaped as to engagethel faceof the roller the full length thereof withavcomparatively wide front face' IBI, and. at the top of the pad taperdownward and rearward from the roller to provide a drain from the roller21 at the. time this roller comes to a stop to insert a copy -sheet tobe fed-,lH as "hereinbefore referred to. Another forml of 'this wipingand regulating means is v shownV in Fig. v16,heretln'e.; regulatingcontact is made with ayiel'ding flexible. strip .|62 of metal,

having a perfect.drainingsposition;placed atfthe. Y

angle shown, andv thel strip; willyield" to close contact along the'fulllength -of the rollen-and the strip being carried in any suitable mannerto be regulated, such as already disclosed.'

The operation of the. invention has been referred to in what hasbeen'above said, and it is believed the same will tbe'entirelyplaintwithout further description.

Certain of the advantages of the invention have also been pointedout'in. what has been above said, and others will be readily seenwithout further description.

I do not limit myself tothe of construction whichehave-beenset forth inthe foregoing specication.and-illustrated inthe accompanyingdrawings-as'themsame refer to'and set forthonly@certainnembodimentsvofthe in-` vention, anditiisobvious=that..thesame may-be modified, withintheV scope r lof theclaims hereof,

without departing'v fromV the spirit and scope of the invention.

Having thusl described my invention, .what -I claimasl new andfdesire tosecure" byvLetters Patent is as follows:

1. A copying. machine, .comprisingl a supporting frame, a drum and animpression roller coacting therewith, a gear train to rotate the drum.and vsaid roller intermittently or continuously,

means carried by thedrum, to clamp a master sheet thereto, from whichcopiesare produced, and provide to gauge-stop for registrationthereclamped end' of the master, including a clamp bar xed to a 'rockshaft-located in a bore longitudinallyof the drum, ad-

sheet between one wall andthe bar, with the end of .the master engagingthe shaft to limit the movement thereof vinthe rear. of the'wall, in thedirection of moparticular details container, operated by or liquidcarried to transferred to the copies, and means to drive the actingtherewith, means clamp a master thereto, said nieans connected in thebore. providing said cutmeans including into the cut., whlchwall isstructure removably attached to thel machine as u tionof the drum, saidother wall being a stop wall, against which' the copy sheets engage forregistration thereof, said impression roller. lo-v thedrum.

2. A copying-machine, comprising a drum, and an impression rollerco-acting therewith, supported for rotation in spaced side frames, saidslidable bearings for adjustto varyingcontact pressure roller mountedi'n ment ofthe roller positions` with'. the drum, and removable outvward of the side frames for the removal of the roller from the machine,means to move and regulate the bearings under a yielding pressure andthereby the roller, including a rock shaft pivotally located in the sideframes at one side of the bearings to be parallel having overhangingarms fixed to the shaft, with adjusting screws in the ends of the armsto engage the bearings for independent adjustment of the bearings toobtain 'rst a uniform pressure of the roller with the drum at both endsand along the length thereof, means to rock the shaft for instantlychanging the said regulated' uniform pressure between predetermined andvarying pressure positi'ons ofthe roller with the with the roller anddrum and a position thereof to free the arms volvin'g in a shallowVbasin located at the top of the container, the basin being supplied fromthe mainy supply to overflowing by a pump in the a connection fromvthelower feed roller, means to regulate the quantity the top of the rollerto be lower feed roller, intermittently, or continuously, and meansadapted lto instantly change the drive from continuous to intermittentrotation, substantially as specified.

4, A copying machine, of the class specified,v

comprising a drum, and an impression roller cocarried by the drum towith means to provide a stop face against which copy sheets areregistered with relation to the' position of the master, and by thelocation of said. impressionroller, set forward 'to engage with the drumat one side of theaxis thereof, for sheets to be guided under the rollerto engage the stop,

means to feed the'copy sheetsl to the drum, and apply a-moisture to theunderside thereof, said a liquid container embodying a to feed copysheets to which supplied `with liquid by i an operative engagement witha cam face pora complete unit, having means to feed copy sheets betweena pair of feed rollers, one of which revolves in a shallow basin, at thetop of the container, supplied with liquid to overflowing capacity, by apump within the container from a main supply carried bythe container,said overflow returned to the supply. means to drive the said feedroller revolving in the basin intermittently, to stop the rotation ofthe feed roller during a short interval to feed a copy sheet to therollers, means connected with the saidl `driven feed rollers to operatethe pump, means to regu- -late the quantity of liquid transferred by therollo with means to provide a stop face of the drum against whichcopy'sheets are registered with respect to the position of themaster,'and by the location of said impression roller, set forward ofthe drum to engage with the drum at one side of the axis of the drum,for sheets to be. guided under the roller to engage the stop, means tofeed the copy sheets to the drum, and apply a moisture to the undersidethereof, said means including a liquid container embodying a structureremovablyattached to the machine as a complete unit, having means tofeed copy sheetsfbetween a pair of feed rollers, one of which revolvesin a shallow basin, at the top of the container, supplied'with liquid tooverfiowing'capacity, by

a pump within the container from a main supply Y carried by thecontainer, said overow returned to the supply, means to drive the saidfeed roller revolving in the basin continuously or intermittently, meansconnected with said feed rollers to operate the pump, means to regulatethe quantity of liquid transferred to the sheets, and means to instantlychange the quantity so regulated, between predetermined limits thereoffrom a greater to a less quantity, and means to regulate and 'vary thecontact pressure between the pair .of'feed rollers, can'ied by thecontainer,

means to automatically feed the copy sheets to the feed and moisteningrollers in timed relation whereby the feed rollers will feed the copiesto the drum stop.

6. In a machine of the hectographtype. comprising a drum and impressionroller co-acting therewith, means adapted to moisten, in adjustableregulated quantity and feed the copy paper to said drum and impressionroller, including a structure, embodying as a complete unit, forremovable attachment to the machine, a liquid container supportingavpair of feed rollers, one above the other, the lower one of which issupplied with liquid from the container, by an endless belt suspended inthe container' to pick up from the bottom thereof, the liquid andtransfer the same to said lower feed rol1er said belt yieldingly'supported on a roller, over which it travels. anddriven by contact withsaid lower feed roller, aregulating roller engaging the 4said lowervfeed roller. located between the contact'portions of said pair of feedrollers and said liquid applying belt, means to adjust the regulating"miler to uniform contactwith theelower feed roller-:means to v'ary thecontact pressure of said roller lo B1-usted, and means to lock theroller in said varying contact positions.

7; In a machine of thehectog'raph type, com-v prising a drum andimpression roller co-acting therewith, means adapted to moisten and feedthe copy paper to` said drum and impression roller, including a pair offeed rollers, mounted one above the other, in a liquid containenxthelower roller of nonporous material, supported for rotation in bearingslocated jfn the end walls of the container, and above a supply-of liquidtherein, means to drive the roller, means to interrupt the rotation ofthe roller, to provide time to insert a copy into the bite of the feed'rollers prior to feeding the copy between said rollers. means driven bythe lower feed roller to pick up liquid from the supply in thecontainer, and transfer the same to the'lower feed roller, including anendless belt suspended in the supply' to the bottom thereof and mountedon a carrying.

roller over which the belt travels whereby the belt engages the saidfeed roller, means to vary the contact pressure of thetop feed roller,with Athe* lower roller, including sliding bearings in which the rolleris mounted, regulating armsA engaging the bearings over the top-thereof,the arms extending forward, and having notches, for the ends of pullsprings pivoted to the container,

and adjustable along the notches, for applying more or less tension onthe roller.

8. In a copying machine, comprising a suitable frame, adapted to supportone portion of a mechanism of a complete machine, normally notremovable, and a removable portion of the mechanism, said normallynon-removable portion including a'gear train, having a driving gear xedto a driving shaft, to operate the train, an intershaft preferablyextending across the machine .and located forward of said normallynon-removable mechanism and between said removable portionand saidnormally non-removable portion, said intermediate gear meshing with agear fixed to a drum for ycontinuous rotation thereof, by said drivegear, and an impression rollencoacting with 'and driven by the drum,said removable mechanism including a liquid container embodying astructure adapted to support, as a complete unit, attachable to themachine. thel mechanismfor feeding copy sheets to the drum, deliver tothe underside thereof a regulated uniform coating of the liquid from thecontainer, adapted 'to be first regulated to uniform distributionthereof and deliver a quantity greater than required, and a separatemeans to regulate the quantity between predetermined points ofadjustment, for a heavy or light coating thereof, to the copies passedthrough a pair-of` feed l'lers, the lowervone of which supported forrotation above the liquid, in the container and supplied with the liquidfrom the bottom thereof by a traveling belt suspended therein, means todrive the lower feed roller intermittently or continuously, including anintermediate gear, rotatably mounted on the container, and meshing witha continuously driven. gear being-.one member of a' friction membercarried by the shaft of the -mediate gear, meshing withsaid drivinggear, xed on a shaft, which shaft serving as a cam lower feed roller, bywhich the roller is driven,

s. A copying mmmnemprmnn heving a stcpfaee against which copiesareregissupply, to be delivered in regulated quantity to .the undersideofthe copy sheets, during the feeding thereof,.means to drive the lowerfeed roller intermittently or continuously, including a friction drive(member, providing in its preferred form, a continuously driven gearloosely mounted on the shaft of the roller, said gear attached to a discforming one part of the friction member, for coacting with a companiondisc slidably fixed to the lshaft, a friction washer interposed be'-tween said discs, and provided with means to regulate the power of thefriction drive, means to continuously drive the gear and said disc andthereby the roller, means to intercept the rotation of the feed roller,including teeth on the in a bore adjacent the periphery andlongitudiperiphery of Vthe said' disc attached tothe gear, adapted to beengaged by a tooth of the interceptingmeans and thereby stop therotation of the roller, means to operate the intercepting means, intimed relation to -feed a copy sheet into the bite of the feed rollersand release the same in proper timing whereby the copy sheet will be fedto the said stop of the drum, means connected with said interceptingmeans, adapted to shift the position thereof, from an active positionwherein the said feed rollers are intermittently driven, and when in theinactive position the feed rollers are continuously driven.

l0. A copying machine, comprising a drumand an impression, rollerco-acting therewith, q

said roller located to engage the top of the drum, forward of a verticalline drawn 'through the center-of the drum, means to drive the drumcontinuously and thereby the roller, said drum having a master clampingmeans including a rock shaft provided `with a clamping bar located nallyofthe drum, a cutout portion extending outward of the bore in which thebar may.rock and clamp a master sheet against one wall of the cut, andthe other wall provide a stop face against which sheets to be copied areregistered, means to feed the-copies to the drum and moisten theunderside thereof, including a pair of feed rollers adapted to be eithercontinuously or'intermittently driven and means todrive the same, meansto automatically feed the sheets from the top of a pile of blanks intimed relation to'propel the sheets to said feed rollers, and continuethe feeding action by the feed rollers to the drum stop, in a slightlyadvanced timing action of the said feed members, whereby the leading endof the sheets fed will engage the drum stop while the stop is passingunder the impression roller to guide the sheet to thefstop.

l1. In a copying machine, comprising a pair of feed roilers,'rotatablycarried at the top of `a liquid container, one,y of which supplied withliquid, at one side thereof, by a traveling endless belt adapted to pickup liquid from the bottom of the container, to use the full supplytherein, with an amount greater` lthan an amount delivered overthe`rol1er to copyy sheets passed between the'rollers at another portionthereof, means to regulate the amount so delivered to said copies,located between said delivery portion, and that portion so receiving thesupply, including acontact member adapted to engage the roller under:varying degrees of tension, towipe the roller, said member having itsupper contactrend'. close to the miler, tapered outward and downwardaway from the roller to drain the accumulation over the roller broughttothe top thereof, which tends to run back when the roller is brought to astop.

12. In a copying machine, comprising a lsupporting frame, a drum and animpression roller co-acting therewith, a gear train to rotate the drumintermittently or continuously, means carried by the drum, to clamp amaster sheet thereto and means connected with said means, to

provide a gauge stop for registration of the copy sheets, close to theclampedmOrtion of the master, both said means including aclamp bar iixedto a rock shaft located in a bore longitudinally of the drum, adjacentthe periphery thereof, -said bore having a cutout extending outward ofthe drum of less width than the bore, the full length thereof, lproviding said cutout with opposing walls, between which the clampbarvis adapted to swing, for clamping the master sheet between one walland the clamp bar, the shaft of which limits the inward movement of themaster into the cut, said wall being the rear wall of the cut in thedirection of motion of the drum, said other wall being a stop face,against which the copy sheets engage for registration thereof, saidimpression roller, located forward of a vertical linedrawn through theaxis of the drum, to provide anv open passage under the roller for theentrance of the copy sheets to engage the stop.

ll A copying machine, comprising a drum co-acting with the drum, and'acomplete unit comprising a liquid container, supporting mechanisni forfeeding copy sheets to the drum and delivering to the underside thereofa regulated uniform coating of the liquid from the container, saidcontainer and mechanism being arranged andl assembled for convenientunitary attachment .to and removal from said machine withloutsubstantial disassembling of any other parts and an endless belt adaptedto pickup liquid from said container and transfer the same in yregu--lated quantity-to one of said feed rollers. l

l5. A copying machine, comprising a drum and `an impression rollerco-acting therewith, `means to feed sheets to be copied to the drum, andapply moisture in regulated and predetermined quantity instantlyadjustable froma heavy to a light ap` plication thereof, to theunderside of the sheets to be copied, including a pair of feed rollerswith adjusting means to regulate the pressure between the rollers,together with the moisture regulating mechanism therefor, supported by astructure embodying a liquid container adapted for removal from themachine, with the operating parts thereof in their fully workingadjusted position as a complete unit, said container having bearings inthe end walls to suitably'support the feed rollers one above the other,the lower one of which fixed to a shaft, removable from the side of thecontainer, for theA removal of the roller, and the upper roller carriedin bearings slidable in runways in the'container, to make contact withsaid lower roller, means within the container, and actuatedcbysaid lowerroller ,over which the moisture is transferred to the copies, includinga traveling endless belt,. adapted to lift a greater supply of liquidthan yrequired from -adapted to hold a master. an impression roller vthebottom of the container, to be acted upon by said regulating meansbefore the moisture is transferred and applied to the sheets, closure`complete unit removably attached to the machine, carrying the completeoperative mecha- .nism in the fully operating adjusted position thereof,including means to feed copy sheets to the drum, means to regulate thetension between the feeding means, means within the container to pickupliquid from the bottom of the container and transfer the same to thecopies, means to regulate the liquid picked up, to a uniform and evendistribution thereof, before transferring the same between the saidfeeding means, means to instantly regulate the uniform distributedliquid from a heavy to a light distribution thereof, between twopredetermined pressure positions l of the regulating means, andintermediate positions thereof, and means to control and lock theregulating means at said predetermined points and intermediate positionsthereof, said means located outside the container, forready manipu-`lation. v

17. A copying' machine comprising a drum and an impression rollerco-acting therewith, a liquid container embodying 'a' structure adaptedas a complete unit removable attached to the machine, carrying thecomplete operating mechamsm in the fully operating adjusted positionthereof, including means to feed copy sheets t0 the drum, and moistenthe underside thereof, and means to regulate the tension between thefeeding means, said moistening means, including a traveling beltenclosed within the container, adapted to pick up liquid from the bottomof the container and apply the same in quantity greater. `than required,to said feeding means at a position before and between which the liquidis transferred to the copies, means to regulate the liquid ,so pickedup, to a uniform and even distributionl thereof to said feeding means,said means consisting of a movable contact member adapted to engage withthe liquid, the contact member cary ried in sliding bearings, one ateach end thereof,

lsaid bearings supported in the container, and having ladjusting screwsthreaded therein and extending outward of the container to engage'theends of an equalizer bar, by a grooved headed part of the screws ttingin bifurcated portions thereof, for uniform adjustment of the contactmember with said feed means'for even distributicn of the liquid, andmeans to instantly Y regulate the quantity between two`y predeterminedpositions of regulation, for a heavy or light distribution, andpositions intermediate thereof, including a stud threaded into thecontainer on which the equalizer bar is loosely mounted centrallythereof, against a shoulder of the stud and e between a hub of a springarm fixed to the stud to rotate the same for movement of the bar, and

thereby the contact member, for varying the position thereof, from oneto the other and between said predetermined regulating positions, saidarm controlled at its free end by engaging in any one of a series ofperorations to hold the arm and its connected parts in locked relation.

vtransferred supplied with the liquid by a traveling endless belt withinthe container picking up the liquid from a main supply from the bottomof the container, said belt driven by said lower roller. means toregulate the quantity of liquid transferred to the copies, means todrive the lower roller intermittently or continuously, and means tokinstantly change the drive from continuous to' intermittent rotation.

19. A copying machine, comprising a drum and an impression rollerco-acting therewith, means .carried by the drum to clamp a masterthereto and provide a stop face for copy sheets to engage, includingA abore lengthwise of the drum, adiacent the periphery, a cutout portionoutward of the bore to receive therein a rock shaft, the diameter ofwhich is greater than the width of the cutout, and said shaft having aclamp bar attached, adapted to swing between the walls of the cut, toclamp a master sheet to one wall of the cut, and limit the inwardmovement of the master into the cut by engaging the end thereof againstthe shaft, as a stop, a liquid container embodying a structure removablyattachedto the machine as a complete unit, including means to feed thecopy sheets to the drum and moisten the underside thereof, means withinthe container to pick up liquid from the bottom of the container to betransferred by the feeding means to the copies, means to .regulate theliquid to an even distribution thereof, and means to instantly regulatethe liquid between two predetermined positions, from a heavy to a lightcoating thereof, and means to regulate and vary the contact pressure ofthe feed means carried by the container, means to automatically feed thecopies to said feeding means, which in turn feed the'copies to the drumstop, in timed relation.

20. In a machine of the hectograph type. comprising a drum and animpressionroller co-acting therewith, means adapted to moisteninfadiustable regulated quantity and feed the copy paper to said drumand impression roller, including a structure embodying as a completeunit for removable attachment to the machine, a liquid containersupporting sheet feeding means, including a pair of feed rollers, oneabove the other, the lower one of which is adapted to supply theunderside of the' copies with liquid from the conf tainer, by atraveling endless belt enclosed in the container, the lower'endsuspended in the liquid, to pick up from the bottom thereof, to betransferred over said lower roller -to the underside of the copysheets,- means to drive the belt' by said lower roller, a regulatingroller, located in front of the vlower roller; adapted to contact withthe. liquid prior to the transferring thereof to the copies, to stripthe liquid to uniform and' varying quantities, means toinstantly varythe.

lns

- 10 between two 8 the rotation thereof at a .40 the roller withrelation 55v roller, arms fixed aisaesa moistening means, and means .toregulate thev liquid before it is received by the copies, by a firstregulation thereof for a uniform and even distribution in a quantitygreater than required, and means .for instantly reducing the quantitypredetermined quantitiesv from a heavy to a light application thereof,and means to regulate the pressure between said feeding means.

22. A copying machine, comprising a drum l5 an impression rollerco-acting therewith, means to feed copy sheetsl to the drum, including astructure embodying as a complete unit for removable attachment to themachine, including a liquid container supporting a pair of feedrollers,- 20 one above the other,

the lower one of which carrying liquid from the container supplied by atraveling belt enclosed'within the container, one

end-thereof suspended in the container to pick up liquid from the bottomthereof, and transfer the same to and over said lower roller, said'beltdriven by said lower roller, and means to support the suspended portionof the belt in spaced 'relation from the upper portion, means to drivethe lower roller intermittently, to stop and start the timing of theintermittent rotation of the drum, and means carried by the-container toadjust the tension between the feed'rollers.

23. A copying machina-.comprising a'drumand u an impression rollercoacting therewith, spaced side frames between which the drum and rollerare mounted, said roher engaging the drum above and forward of avertical line drawn through the axis of the drum, to provide an openingunder the drum, when said cutout is in position under the roller, amaster clamping means adapted to clamp the master against one wall ofthe cutout, and the other wall of which forms a stop face 45 againstwhichv copy sheets are registered, to be s close to the clamped end ofthe master, means the drum, means to Yregulate the pressure of theimpression roller for uniform alignment at both ends thereof with thedrum, including sliding bearings in which the roller is mounted, such asopen runways of the frames, a rock shaft rotatable in the said frames,located close to and parallel with the to the shaft overhanging thebearings, with adjusting screws to engage the bearings, the ends ofwhich enter in recessed pockets therein, to hold the bearings in their.loperative position against endwise movement,

to feed copy sheets to 00 means to control the movement of the rockshaft,

time independently of I to a cutout portion ofr first, to a `position tofree the arms from the bearings, for removal thereof outward of theframes, and thereby enable the removal of the roller, second, rock theshaft to the position where said adjustment for alignment is made, andthird, to positionsbetween two predetermined positions to instantlychange for a heavy or light pressure of the roller, including a springarm fixed to one end of the shaft, having an engagement with a carnfaced lever pivoted to one of said side frames, the arm provided with aspring controlled detent adapted to engage in perforations along asector over which the arm swings, to lock the arm and connectingmechanism in any of the said adjusted positions.

24. A copying machine, comprising a drum. adapted to hold a master, animpression vroller co-acting with the drum, and a complete unitcomprising a liquid container supporting mechanism for feeding copysheets to the drum and delivering to the underside thereof a regulateduniform coating of the liquid from the container by means of an endlessAtraveling belt, said'y container and mechanism being larranged andassembled for convenient unitary attachment to and removal from saidmachine without .sub-- stantialdisassembling of any other parts theree25. A copying machine, comprising a drum and an impression rollerco-acting therewith, and means adapted to moisten and feed the copy.

' paper to said drum and impression roller, includ- 4 to instantlychange the contact pressure between two predetermined and intermediatepositions thereof, fora heavy or a. light distribution.

26. In a copying machine, comprising a pair of feed rollers, rotatablycarried at the top of a liquid container, one of which is supplied withliquid, at one side thereof, by a traveling endless belt adapted. topick up liquid from the bottom of the container, to use the full supplytherein, with an a'mount greater than the amount to be delivered overthe roller to copy sheets passed between therollers at another portionthereof. means to regulate the amount so delivered to said copies,located between saidA delivery portion and said portion receiving thesupply, including a contact member adapted to vengage the roller undervarying degrees 'of tension.

v 'I' W. PITIMAN.

